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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Overview

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) involves the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells to restore blood cell production in patients with damaged or defective bone marrow. It is commonly used to treat blood cancers like leukemia and myeloma, as well as certain immune system disorders.

Alternate Name

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation is also referred to as bone marrow transplant.

Body Location

Bone marrow, located at the center of most bones, contains hematopoietic stem cells essential for blood cell production.

Procedure Type

HSCT is a non-surgical procedure, similar to a blood transfusion, where stem cells are infused intravenously into the patient’s bloodstream.

Types of HSCT

  1. Autologous Transplant (AUTO)

    • The patient receives stem cells from their own body.
    • The patient undergoes chemotherapy to prepare for the infusion of their own stem cells.

  2. Allogeneic Transplant (ALLO)

    • Stem cells are sourced from a compatible donor, often a sibling or close family member.
    • The patient receives chemotherapy before receiving the donor’s stem cells.

Preparation for HSCT

Preoperative tests may include blood tests, chest X-ray, bone marrow biopsy, and heart evaluation. Patients will be admitted to the hospital or outpatient center based on the transplant team’s recommendations. A diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, free from processed foods, is advised before the procedure.

Recovery

Following the transplant, patients stay in the hospital for a few weeks to allow the stem cells to integrate into the bone marrow. Strenuous activities should be avoided during recovery. It may take 6-12 months for the immune system to fully recover, and patients are closely monitored for infections.

Risks and Considerations

While HSCT is an effective treatment, patients face risks such as infection, fatigue, and the need for ongoing medication. A comprehensive recovery plan is essential for optimal outcomes.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. How is a donor for HSCT selected?
    Donors are chosen based on compatibility, typically matching human leukocyte antigens (HLA). A sibling or close family member is preferred, but unrelated donors can also be used.

  2. How are stem cells collected for HSCT?
    Stem cells can be harvested through bone marrow aspiration or peripheral blood collection. In the latter, the donor receives medication to stimulate stem cell production before collection.

  3. Are there dietary restrictions after HSCT?
    Patients should follow specific dietary and hygiene instructions as provided by the healthcare team to support recovery.

  4. How long does it take for the immune system to recover?
    Immune recovery can take several months to a year, depending on the individual.

  5. Can HSCT cure all diseases?
    HSCT is effective for specific conditions, including certain cancers and blood disorders, but its success depends on the patient’s disease and overall health.

  6. What are the success rates of HSCT in Delhi?
    Success rates vary based on disease type and patient health. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized information.

  7. Are there alternative treatments to HSCT?
    Alternative treatments may be available, depending on the condition. Discuss with your physician to explore options.

  8. Can HSCT be performed on older adults?
    HSCT can be performed on older adults, depending on overall health and suitability for the procedure.

 

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