Vertebroplasty Surgery

Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat spinal fractures by injecting special bone cement into the affected vertebrae. This procedure is typically done on an outpatient basis, meaning patients can return home the same day.

Compression fractures in the spine, often caused by osteoporosis, lead to cracks or breaks in the vertebrae. The bone cement, once injected, hardens to stabilize the fractures and provide additional support to the spine. This helps alleviate back pain and increases mobility.

Alternate Name of Vertebroplasty Surgery:

Scientific name: Percutaneous vertebroplasty
Alternate name: Percutaneous vertebral augmentation

Body Location:

Vertebrae of the spinal cord

Vertebroplasty Procedure Type:

Minimally invasive, percutaneous vertebroplasty

Preparation for Vertebroplasty Surgery:

Before the procedure, several steps are taken to prepare:

Fasting: No food or drink is allowed for at least 6 hours before surgery, though a small amount of water may be consumed up to 2 hours before the procedure.
Diagnostic imaging: An X-ray will be taken along with a review of the patient’s medical history. Depending on the case, an MRI or CT scan may also be performed.
Medication adjustments: The doctor may adjust or discontinue certain medications based on the patient’s medical history. It’s important to inform the physician about any blood-thinning medications or conditions related to bleeding disorders.
Lifestyle considerations: Reducing tobacco or alcohol consumption is advised, as they can affect bone healing after surgery.

Vertebroplasty Surgery Procedure:

During the procedure, the patient is sedated and positioned face down. If the pain is severe, general anesthesia may be used. Using continuous X-ray guidance, the surgeon inserts a biopsy needle to reach the fractured vertebra. The needle’s position is verified through X-ray.

Low-viscosity bone cement (PMMA) is injected into the fractured vertebra, spreading around the weakened area. If necessary, a second injection is made to completely fill the vertebra. As the cement hardens (which takes 5-10 minutes), it creates an internal cast to stabilize the vertebra. The procedure is repeated for the other side of the vertebral body. The incision site is covered with a bandage after the surgery.

Recovery After Vertebroplasty Surgery:

The patient is usually able to move and continue daily activities with the aid of a back brace. While walking is typically fine, it is recommended to avoid it initially.
Strenuous activities and heavy lifting should be avoided for at least 6 weeks after surgery.
Comfortable, slip-on shoes are helpful to avoid bending down to tie shoes, providing relief during recovery.

Follow-up After Vertebroplasty Surgery:

After the procedure, the patient is observed for 1-2 hours to ensure there are no complications. During this time, the patient is advised to lie on their back to allow the cement to fully harden.
Pain relief may be needed initially, with over-the-counter pain medications prescribed if necessary.
A back brace may be recommended for short-term support during movements, though it is often not required.
Before discharge, the doctor will assess the patient’s pain levels and check for complications.
As it is an outpatient procedure, the patient can typically leave on the same day.

Risks Associated with Vertebroplasty Surgery:

While vertebroplasty is a relatively safe procedure, there are some potential risks, including:

Loss of blood
Infections
Blood clots
Allergic reactions to medications
Nerve root irritation or injuries
Cement leakage before it hardens

Despite these risks, vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgery that can significantly reduce pain and improve mobility, leading to a better quality of life for patients.

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