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Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is the primary treatment for individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. It involves the use of a combination of antiretroviral medications designed to control the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ART significantly reduces the progression of HIV to AIDS, decreases the risk of opportunistic infections, minimizes hospitalizations, and improves survival rates. ART is recommended for all individuals with HIV, including those who are asymptomatic, regardless of their immune status.
ART medications are classified into the following categories based on their mechanism of action:
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Entry Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors
The initiation of ART is essential in various scenarios, including:
Early-Stage HIV: ART is effective for individuals in the initial stages of infection.
Pregnancy or Breastfeeding: ART is recommended for HIV-positive individuals during pregnancy or breastfeeding to prevent transmission to the baby.
Advanced Disease or Cancer: Patients diagnosed with stage 3 cancer or HIV-associated cancers can benefit from ART.
Opportunistic Infections: Individuals with infections linked to HIV/AIDS should begin ART promptly to manage their condition effectively.
By adhering to ART, individuals with HIV/AIDS can significantly improve their quality of life and long-term health outcomes.