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Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Surgery

Overview 

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) involves implanting electrodes in specific areas of the brain to regulate abnormal impulses. These electrical impulses influence brain cells and chemicals, making DBS an effective treatment for various neurological conditions.

Alternate Name

Neuralink Deep Brain Stimulation

Body Location

Brain

Conditions Treated with DBS

  • Essential tremor
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Epilepsy
  • Dystonia
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Potential Applications of DBS

  • Huntington’s disease
  • Cluster headaches
  • Chronic pain
  • Tourette syndrome

DBS Procedure Type

DBS is a surgical intervention requiring meticulous preparation and execution.

Preparing for DBS Surgery

DBS is a complex and high-risk procedure. Preparing for it involves:

  • Comprehensive medical tests to ensure eligibility and safety.
  • Pre-surgical brain imaging, such as MRI, to identify electrode implantation sites.

How DBS Surgery is Performed

  1. Positioning:

    • A stereotactic head frame is secured to the patient’s head to ensure stability during brain imaging.
  2. Stage 1: Electrode Implantation:

    • A small hole is made in the skull.
    • Electrodes with leads are inserted into targeted brain areas contributing to the symptoms.
    • Leads may be placed on one or both sides of the brain depending on symptom location.
  3. Stage 2: Pulse Generator Implantation:

    • One or two battery-powered pulse generators are implanted under the skin near the collarbone.
    • Extension wires connect the electrodes to the pulse generator, tunneled under the skin from the head to the chest.
  4. Activation:

    • After 2-4 weeks, the neurosurgeon activates and adjusts the pulse generator to optimize symptom relief.

Follow-Up Care After DBS Surgery

  • The pulse generator is activated using a remote device. The settings are customized over 4-6 months to achieve optimal stimulation.
  • Stimulation can be continuous or adjusted as per the doctor’s advice.
  • Patients may receive a remote control to turn the generator on/off when needed.
  • Generator batteries are replaced as required through an outpatient procedure.

DBS is a life-enhancing solution for many, offering improved symptom management and better quality of life under expert medical guidance.

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