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The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a life-saving medical device designed to assist the heart in pumping blood efficiently. It consists of a thin catheter with an inflatable balloon that is inserted into the aorta. The device helps maintain proper blood flow to the heart and throughout the body, especially in critical conditions such as cardiogenic shock, where the heart’s ability to pump blood is severely compromised.
The IABP provides short-term support, allowing time for heart recovery or preparation for definitive treatment, such as surgery or other interventions. It works by inflating and deflating the balloon in sync with the heart’s natural contractions, reducing the workload on the heart and improving blood circulation.
Body Location: Aorta
Procedure Type: Surgical
The IABP procedure is typically used to treat blood vessel blockages that impede blood flow to the heart. It involves the insertion of a specialized catheter equipped with two lumens:
The procedure can be performed in two settings:
Once positioned, the catheter is connected to a computer console that regulates the balloon’s inflation and deflation. Patients are advised to minimize movement to ensure the device remains properly positioned.
Before the IABP procedure, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, including:
Patients with aortic valve defects, aneurysms, or significant heart defects may not be candidates for the procedure.
Although the IABP is a critical tool in managing heart conditions, it carries some risks:
Patients recovering from an IABP procedure may need close observation for:
During recovery, patients are often advised to rest in bed with limited movement to promote healing and minimize complications. The balloon pump is typically used for a few days to weeks, depending on the patient’s condition.