Lumbar Discectomy Surgery

An Overview

Lumbar discectomy is a surgical procedure designed to treat ruptured or herniated spinal discs. These discs act as cushions between the vertebrae, and a herniation can lead to nerve compression, causing pain in the legs or arms. This procedure alleviates such pain through minimally invasive techniques.

Alternate Name

Discectomy

Body Location

Lower back or the lower part of the spinal canal

Procedure Type

Surgical

Preparation for Lumbar Discectomy

Proper preparation is essential to ensure a successful outcome.

Steps:

Inquiries: Ask about the procedure’s purpose, expected outcomes, risks, benefits, potential complications, alternative options, and the consequences of not undergoing the surgery.
Diagnostic Tests: The medical team will conduct a thorough physical assessment and imaging tests, such as MRI scans, to confirm the need for surgery.
Medication Adjustments: Current medications may need to be adjusted based on the surgeon’s advice. Additional pre-surgery instructions will also be provided.
Fasting: Avoid eating or drinking anything starting the night before the surgery.

How Lumbar Discectomy Is Performed

The procedure typically takes about an hour.

Steps:

The patient is placed under anesthesia, and vital signs are monitored.
A small incision is made on the back near the affected disc.
Using advanced imaging, the surgeon inserts a specialized wire and sequentially places tubes to access the intervertebral space.
The herniated disc material is removed, and necessary repairs are made.
The incision is closed, and the area is bandaged.

Follow-Up After Lumbar Discectomy

After the outpatient procedure, patients are usually discharged on the same day.

Key Considerations:

Arrange for support during travel and the initial recovery period.
Avoid heavy lifting, sudden movements, and strenuous activities during recovery.
Use a lumbar corset brace temporarily for pain relief and support, if advised.
Attend physiotherapy sessions to aid recovery and improve mobility.
Contact your healthcare provider if you notice excessive fluid drainage, fever, or significant pain.

Risks of Lumbar Discectomy

While the success rate is high (85–90%), potential risks include:

Recurrent Herniation: There is a 10–15% chance of future herniation.
Infection: The incision site may become infected or bleed.
Neurological Issues: Weakness or long-term symptoms may occur in rare cases.
Spinal Fluid Leakage: Damage to nerves or blood vessels can lead to leakage.

Recovery After Lumbar Discectomy

Most patients experience immediate pain relief, but the recovery process varies.

Guidelines:

Take prescribed pain medication to manage discomfort at the incision site.
Engage in light activities, such as walking, but avoid heavy lifting, bending, or strenuous exercises.
Follow up with your healthcare provider for monitoring and post-operative care.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Do I need to wear a brace while sleeping?
Wearing a brace while sleeping is usually unnecessary. Follow your doctor’s guidance on sleeping positions and precautions.

2. Are there dietary restrictions?
No specific dietary restrictions apply, but a nutritious diet and adequate hydration can support recovery.

3. Can older adults undergo this procedure?
Yes, older adults can have a lumbar discectomy, though risks and benefits are evaluated based on individual health.

4. Is physical therapy necessary after surgery?
Physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength, mobility, and flexibility.

5. How long do the benefits last?
The benefits are generally long-lasting, depending on factors like the extent of damage and adherence to post-operative care.

6. Are non-surgical alternatives available?
Yes, options include physical therapy, medications, epidural injections, and chiropractic care. Surgery is typically considered if these methods fail.

Lumbar discectomy is a highly effective procedure for managing pain caused by herniated discs. Proper preparation, adherence to after-care instructions, and a supportive recovery plan contribute to optimal outcomes.

Neuromodulation

Orthopaedics

Neurosurgery

Spine Care

Neurology