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Overview
A mandibulectomy is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the mandible (lower jawbone) is removed. This surgery is typically performed to treat infections, benign tumors, or malignant conditions such as cancer in the jaw area. The procedure usually takes about 3-4 hours to complete.
Mandibulectomy may be performed in the following situations:
The mandible is the largest bone in the human skull, located in the lower part of the face. It is responsible for holding the lower teeth in place, aiding in chewing, and forming the jawline.
Surgical
1. Marginal Mandibulectomy
In this procedure, only a small piece of the mandible is removed, and the continuity of the bone is preserved. It is typically used when a tumor is located near the jaw but has not invaded the bone.
2. Segmental Mandibulectomy
A more extensive procedure in which a section of the mandible is removed entirely, creating a gap in the bone. This type of mandibulectomy often requires further reconstructive surgery to restore jaw function. Nerve damage may occur, but can be partially repaired through nerve grafting.
Prior to surgery, a detailed plan is created by the surgical team, ensuring that everyone involved understands the procedure and its goals. Preparation steps generally include:
Post-surgery, the patient is typically kept in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for monitoring for at least 24 hours. If everything is stable, they may be transferred to a step-down care unit.
The recovery time after mandibulectomy depends on the complexity of the surgery and any necessary reconstructive procedures. Some patients may require physical therapy, speech therapy, or swallowing therapy as part of the rehabilitation process.
Like any surgery, mandibulectomy carries some risks, including:
Mandibulectomy is an essential procedure for treating severe conditions affecting the mandible. While recovery may take time, with proper care and rehabilitation, most patients can regain functional ability and a good quality of life post-surgery.