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Overview, Procedure, and Recovery
Shockwave lithotripsy is a non-invasive treatment used to break up kidney stones and stones in other areas such as the urinary tract, pancreatic ducts, and bile ducts. Using a lithotripter, a device that generates shock waves, the procedure targets the stones, breaking them into smaller fragments that can pass out of the body through urine.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
The kidneys, urinary tract, pancreas, and bile ducts
Non-invasive
Before the procedure, your doctor may request tests to assess kidney function, check for infections, and measure blood cell counts. Similar tests may be performed for pancreatic and bile duct stones. If results are normal, the doctor will inquire about your current medications and medical history, asking you to stop any medications that could increase bleeding risk, such as warfarin. You may also be advised to refrain from eating or drinking for several hours prior to the procedure.
Shockwave lithotripsy is a non-invasive procedure that does not require incisions. You’ll be asked to lie on a padded bed while imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasound, are used to locate the stones. Once the exact location is determined, the lithotripsy machine will direct shock waves through water to the stones. These shock waves cause the stones to fragment into smaller pieces that are easily passed through the urine. Although you may hear loud popping sounds during the procedure, the shock waves typically cause only mild discomfort. In some cases, local anesthesia may be used to manage any discomfort.
After the procedure, it is common to experience some blood in the urine and mild stomach or flank pain. Severe pain may occur in rare cases, depending on the size of the stones. Oral pain relievers are usually prescribed for managing discomfort. It is essential to stay hydrated to help pass the stone fragments more easily. If the pain persists or worsens, contact your healthcare provider.
Shockwave lithotripsy is generally safe and does not cause harm to surrounding organs or tissues, as the shock waves are precisely targeted at the stones. However, potential risks include:
The recovery time is minimal, and most patients can return to their normal activities within a few days. The pain typically subsides during this time, and there is no need for a special diet. It is important to drink plenty of water for the following weeks to help pass the stone fragments.
How many sessions of shockwave lithotripsy are usually required?
The number of sessions depends on the size, location, and composition of the kidney stones. Most patients may need one or more sessions, with intervals of several weeks between each.
Is shockwave lithotripsy suitable for all types of kidney stones?
Shockwave lithotripsy is effective for most kidney stones, including calcium-based and certain uric acid stones. However, it may not be effective for large stones, cystine stones, or those in difficult-to-reach locations.
Will I need any special preparation before undergoing shockwave lithotripsy?
Your urologist will provide specific instructions on preparation, which may include fasting and discontinuing certain medications to ensure the procedure’s success.
What is the success rate of shockwave lithotripsy?
The success rate varies based on the stone’s size, composition, and location. In general, it has a high success rate, with most patients experiencing significant stone fragmentation or complete clearance.
Which is better: shockwave lithotripsy or laser lithotripsy?
The choice between shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) and laser lithotripsy depends on the stone’s size, location, and composition. While SWL is non-invasive and effective for many stone types, laser lithotripsy may be preferred for larger or harder stones or when SWL is not effective.